RCW 51.12.020
Employments excluded. (Effective until July 1, 2009.)

The following are the only employments which shall not be included within the mandatory coverage of this title:

     (1) Any person employed as a domestic servant in a private home by an employer who has less than two employees regularly employed forty or more hours a week in such employment.

     (2) Any person employed to do gardening, maintenance, or repair, in or about the private home of the employer. For the purposes of this subsection, "maintenance" means the work of keeping in proper condition, "repair" means to restore to sound condition after damage, and "private home" means a person's place of residence.

     (3) A person whose employment is not in the course of the trade, business, or profession of his or her employer and is not in or about the private home of the employer.

     (4) Any person performing services in return for aid or sustenance only, received from any religious or charitable organization.

     (5) Sole proprietors or partners.

     (6) Any child under eighteen years of age employed by his or her parent or parents in agricultural activities on the family farm.

     (7) Jockeys while participating in or preparing horses for race meets licensed by the Washington horse racing commission pursuant to chapter 67.16 RCW.

     (8)(a) Except as otherwise provided in (b) of this subsection, any bona fide officer of a corporation voluntarily elected or voluntarily appointed in accordance with the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, who at all times during the period involved is also a bona fide director, and who is also a shareholder of the corporation. Only such officers who exercise substantial control in the daily management of the corporation and whose primary responsibilities do not include the performance of manual labor are included within this subsection.

     (b) Alternatively, a corporation that is not a "public company" as defined in *RCW 23B.01.400(21) may exempt eight or fewer bona fide officers, who are voluntarily elected or voluntarily appointed in accordance with the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation and who exercise substantial control in the daily management of the corporation, from coverage under this title without regard to the officers' performance of manual labor if the exempted officer is a shareholder of the corporation, or may exempt any number of officers if all the exempted officers are related by blood within the third degree or marriage. If a corporation that is not a "public company" elects to be covered under subsection (8)(a) of this section, the corporation's election must be made on a form prescribed by the department and under such reasonable rules as the department may adopt.

     (c) Determinations respecting the status of persons performing services for a corporation shall be made, in part, by reference to Title 23B RCW and to compliance by the corporation with its own articles of incorporation and bylaws. For the purpose of determining coverage under this title, substance shall control over form, and mandatory coverage under this title shall extend to all workers of this state, regardless of honorary titles conferred upon those actually serving as workers.

     (d) A corporation may elect to cover officers who are exempted by this subsection in the manner provided by RCW 51.12.110.

     (9) Services rendered by a musician or entertainer under a contract with a purchaser of the services, for a specific engagement or engagements when such musician or entertainer performs no other duties for the purchaser and is not regularly and continuously employed by the purchaser. A purchaser does not include the leader of a group or recognized entity who employs other than on a casual basis musicians or entertainers.

     (10) Services performed by a newspaper carrier selling or distributing newspapers on the street or from house to house.

     (11) Services performed by an insurance agent, insurance broker, or insurance solicitor, as defined in RCW **48.17.010, ***48.17.020, and ***48.17.030, respectively.

     (12) Services performed by a booth renter as defined in ****RCW 18.16.020. However, a person exempted under this subsection may elect coverage under RCW 51.32.030.

     (13) Members of a limited liability company, if either:

     (a) Management of the company is vested in its members, and the members for whom exemption is sought would qualify for exemption under subsection (5) of this section were the company a sole proprietorship or partnership; or

     (b) Management of the company is vested in one or more managers, and the members for whom the exemption is sought are managers who would qualify for exemption under subsection (8) of this section were the company a corporation.

[1999 c 68 § 1; 1997 c 314 § 18. Prior: 1991 c 324 § 18; 1991 c 246 § 4; 1987 c 316 § 2; 1983 c 252 § 1; 1982 c 63 § 15; 1981 c 128 § 3; 1979 c 128 § 1; 1977 ex.s. c 323 § 7; 1973 c 124 § 1; 1972 ex.s. c 43 § 7; 1971 ex.s. c 289 § 3; 1961 c 23 § 51.12.020; prior: 1955 c 74 § 3; prior: 1947 c 281 § 1, part; 1943 c 210 § 1, part; 1939 c 41 § 1, part; 1937 c 211 § 1, part; 1927 c 310 § 1, part; 1921 c 182 § 1, part; 1919 c 131 § 1, part; 1911 c 74 § 2, part; Rem. Supp. 1947 § 7674, part.]

NOTES:

     Reviser's note: *(1) RCW 23B.01.400 was amended by 2000 c 168 § 1, changing subsection (21) to subsection (22); and was subsequently amended by 2002 c 297 § 9, changing subsection (22) to subsection (24).

     **(2) RCW 48.17.010 was amended by 2007 c 117 § 1, deleting the definition of "agent," effective July 1, 2009.

     ***(3) RCW 48.17.020 and 48.17.030 were repealed by 2007 c 117 § 39, effective July 1, 2009.

     ****(4) RCW 18.16.020 was amended by 2002 c 111 § 2, deleting the definition of "booth renter."

     Severability -- 1991 c 324: See RCW 18.16.910.

     Effective date -- Conflict with federal requirements -- 1991 c 246: See notes following RCW 51.08.195.

     Effective dates -- Implementation -- 1982 c 63: See note following RCW 51.32.095.

     Severability -- Effective date -- 1977 ex.s. c 323: See notes following RCW 51.04.040.

     RCW 51.12.020
Employments excluded. (Effective July 1, 2009.)

The following are the only employments which shall not be included within the mandatory coverage of this title:

     (1) Any person employed as a domestic servant in a private home by an employer who has less than two employees regularly employed forty or more hours a week in such employment.

     (2) Any person employed to do gardening, maintenance, or repair, in or about the private home of the employer. For the purposes of this subsection, "maintenance" means the work of keeping in proper condition, "repair" means to restore to sound condition after damage, and "private home" means a person's place of residence.

     (3) A person whose employment is not in the course of the trade, business, or profession of his or her employer and is not in or about the private home of the employer.

     (4) Any person performing services in return for aid or sustenance only, received from any religious or charitable organization.

     (5) Sole proprietors or partners.

     (6) Any child under eighteen years of age employed by his or her parent or parents in agricultural activities on the family farm.

     (7) Jockeys while participating in or preparing horses for race meets licensed by the Washington horse racing commission pursuant to chapter 67.16 RCW.

     (8)(a) Except as otherwise provided in (b) of this subsection, any bona fide officer of a corporation voluntarily elected or voluntarily appointed in accordance with the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation, who at all times during the period involved is also a bona fide director, and who is also a shareholder of the corporation. Only such officers who exercise substantial control in the daily management of the corporation and whose primary responsibilities do not include the performance of manual labor are included within this subsection.

     (b) Alternatively, a corporation that is not a "public company" as defined in RCW 23B.01.400(24) may exempt eight or fewer bona fide officers, who are voluntarily elected or voluntarily appointed in accordance with the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the corporation and who exercise substantial control in the daily management of the corporation, from coverage under this title without regard to the officers' performance of manual labor if the exempted officer is a shareholder of the corporation, or may exempt any number of officers if all the exempted officers are related by blood within the third degree or marriage. If a corporation that is not a "public company" elects to be covered under subsection (8)(a) of this section, the corporation's election must be made on a form prescribed by the department and under such reasonable rules as the department may adopt.

     (c) Determinations respecting the status of persons performing services for a corporation shall be made, in part, by reference to Title 23B RCW and to compliance by the corporation with its own articles of incorporation and bylaws. For the purpose of determining coverage under this title, substance shall control over form, and mandatory coverage under this title shall extend to all workers of this state, regardless of honorary titles conferred upon those actually serving as workers.

     (d) A corporation may elect to cover officers who are exempted by this subsection in the manner provided by RCW 51.12.110.

     (9) Services rendered by a musician or entertainer under a contract with a purchaser of the services, for a specific engagement or engagements when such musician or entertainer performs no other duties for the purchaser and is not regularly and continuously employed by the purchaser. A purchaser does not include the leader of a group or recognized entity who employs other than on a casual basis musicians or entertainers.

     (10) Services performed by a newspaper carrier selling or distributing newspapers on the street or from house to house.

     (11) Services performed by an insurance producer, as defined in RCW 48.17.010(5).

     (12) Services performed by a booth renter. However, a person exempted under this subsection may elect coverage under RCW 51.32.030.

     (13) Members of a limited liability company, if either:

     (a) Management of the company is vested in its members, and the members for whom exemption is sought would qualify for exemption under subsection (5) of this section were the company a sole proprietorship or partnership; or

     (b) Management of the company is vested in one or more managers, and the members for whom the exemption is sought are managers who would qualify for exemption under subsection (8) of this section were the company a corporation.

[2008 c 217 § 98; 1999 c 68 § 1; 1997 c 314 § 18. Prior: 1991 c 324 § 18; 1991 c 246 § 4; 1987 c 316 § 2; 1983 c 252 § 1; 1982 c 63 § 15; 1981 c 128 § 3; 1979 c 128 § 1; 1977 ex.s. c 323 § 7; 1973 c 124 § 1; 1972 ex.s. c 43 § 7; 1971 ex.s. c 289 § 3; 1961 c 23 § 51.12.020; prior: 1955 c 74 § 3; prior: 1947 c 281 § 1, part; 1943 c 210 § 1, part; 1939 c 41 § 1, part; 1937 c 211 § 1, part; 1927 c 310 § 1, part; 1921 c 182 § 1, part; 1919 c 131 § 1, part; 1911 c 74 § 2, part; Rem. Supp. 1947 § 7674, part.]

NOTES:

     Severability -- Effective date -- 2008 c 217: See notes following RCW 48.03.020.

     Severability -- 1991 c 324: See RCW 18.16.910.

     Effective date -- Conflict with federal requirements -- 1991 c 246: See notes following RCW 51.08.195.

     Effective dates -- Implementation -- 1982 c 63: See note following RCW 51.32.095.

     Severability -- Effective date -- 1977 ex.s. c 323: See notes following RCW 51.04.040.